The incident management lifecycle provides a systematic approach to handling information security incidents from start to finish.
Following distinct phases ensures incidents are managed consistently, efficiently, and effectively while minimizing their impact on organizational operations.
This lifecycle is an essential framework, highlighted in ISO/IEC 27035, that guides organizations in preparing for, detecting, responding to, and learning from security incidents.
The Five Key Phases of Incident Management Lifecycle
A successful incident management program depends on following a structured lifecycle. The five key phases below outline how organizations can prepare, detect, respond, and continuously improve their security posture.
1. Preparation
This foundational phase establishes the necessary policies, procedures, roles, and resources required for effective incident management. Key activities include:
Developing and maintaining incident management policies and plans
Establishing an incident response team with clear responsibilities
Training staff and conducting awareness sessions
Setting up communication channels and technical tools for incident detection and reporting
2. Detection and Reporting
The focus is on identifying potential security events and reporting them promptly for further evaluation. Organizations implement monitoring systems, intrusion detection tools, and encourage employee reporting to ensure timely identification. Important elements include:
Continuous monitoring of networks, systems, and applications
Logging suspicious activities
Reporting mechanisms for end users and stakeholders
Collecting initial evidence for incident verification
3. Assessment and Decision
At this stage, the incident response team evaluates the detected event to confirm if it qualifies as a security incident. The severity, scope, and potential impact are assessed to prioritize response efforts. Actions include:
Classifying and prioritizing the incident
Deciding on escalation paths
Identifying affected assets and potential damage
Determining required containment strategies
4. Response and Recovery
This phase involves implementing measures to contain the incident, eradicate threats, and recover normal operations. The goal is to minimize damage while restoring affected systems efficiently. Key activities include:
Isolating compromised systems
Eradicating malware or vulnerabilities
Restoring affected services and data
Verifying successful recovery and resumption of business functions
5. Lessons Learned and Improvement
After resolution, a thorough review analyzes the incident’s causes, response effectiveness, and areas for enhancement. This continuous improvement phase helps refine incident management policies, strengthens defenses, and prevents recurrence. It typically includes:
Conducting post-incident review meetings
Documenting lessons learned and recommendations
Updating procedures and training programs
Sharing insights with stakeholders and management